Hybrid Blockchain for IoT—Energy Analysis and Reward Plan

Blockchain technology has brought significant advantages for security and trustworthiness, in particular Internet of Things (IoT) applications where there are multiple organisations that need to verify data ensure shared smart contracts. offers features by means consensus mechanisms; two key mechanisms are, Proof Work (PoW) Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). While the PoW based mechanism is computationally intensive, due puzzle solving, PBFT communication intensive all-to-all messages; thereby, both may result high energy consumption and, hence, a trade-off between computation costs. In this paper, we propose hybrid-blockchain (H-chain) framework appropriate scenarios organizations exist enables private transaction verification public sharing audit, according application needs. particular, study hybrid H-chain. Moreover, paper proposes reward plan incentivize blockchain agents so they make contributions H-chain while also considering consumption. work generally applicable IoT applications, illustrates scenario which secures an connected using software defined network (SDN). The evaluation results first provide method balance parts deployment conditions, capability, complexity, among other parameters. simulation demonstrate can contribute mechanism, proposed achieve optimal social welfare.